Best Ways to Lose Weight before Surgery

August 14, 2024

Written By Joe Gryskiewicz, MD, FACS

Losing weight before surgery is an important step to improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. Excess weight can increase the risk of anesthesia-related complications, surgical site infections, and other post-operative complications. Losing weight before surgery can improve the effectiveness of anesthesia and your overall health. In this blog, we will discuss the best ways to lose weight before surgery, including creating a plan, adopting healthy eating habits, exercising regularly, staying hydrated, and maintaining a positive mindset. We will also discuss the importance of BMI in weight loss before surgery and provide tips on how to lower BMI safely and effectively.

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The Importance of Losing Weight before Surgery

Losing weight before surgery is important for several reasons:

• Reduce the risk of surgical complications: Excess weight can increase the risk of complications during and after surgery, such as infections, blood clots, and breathing problems. Losing weight before surgery can reduce these risks and improve the outcome of the surgery;
• Improve anesthesia effectiveness: Anesthesia is less effective in obese patients, which can result in longer surgery times and longer recovery times. Losing weight before surgery can improve anesthesia effectiveness and reduce the risk of anesthesia-related complications;
• Improve overall health: Losing weight before surgery can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease;
• Increase mobility: If you lose weight before surgery, this can improve mobility, making it easier to move around before and after the surgery. This can help prevent complications such as blood clots and pneumonia;
• Increase chances of success: Your plastic surgery procedure has more chances of being a success if you have a normal weight.

What Happens If You Don’t Lose Weight

Not losing weight before surgery can increase the risk of complications during and after the surgery. Some of the risks associated with not losing weight before surgery include:

• Anesthesia complications: Obesity can make it more difficult for anesthesia to work effectively, which can lead to longer surgery times, longer recovery times, and increased risk of anesthesia-related complications;
• Infections: Obese patients are at a higher risk of developing surgical site infections, which can delay recovery and increase the risk of complications;
• Blood clots: Obese patients are at a higher risk of developing blood clots, which can be life-threatening if they travel to the lungs or other organs;
• Breathing problems: Excess weight can make it difficult to breathe during and after surgery, increasing the risk of complications such as pneumonia;
• Longer hospital stay: Obese patients may need to stay in the hospital longer after surgery, which can increase the risk of hospital-acquired infections and other complications.

Understanding BMI

BMI stands for Body Mass Index, which is a measure of body fat based on a person’s weight and height. It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared (BMI = weight in kg / (height in meters) ²).

BMI is a widely used screening tool to indicate whether a person has a healthy weight or is overweight or obese. A BMI below 18.5 is considered underweight, a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered a healthy weight, a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese.

However, it’s important to note that BMI is not always an accurate measure of body fat or health. It doesn’t take into account factors such as muscle mass, bone density, and body composition. For example, a person with a lot of muscle mass may have a high BMI but be in good health. Conversely, a person with a low BMI may have a high percentage of body fat and be at risk for health problems.

Therefore, BMI should be used as a screening tool and not as a definitive measure of health. It’s important to discuss BMI and other health measures with a healthcare provider to determine an appropriate weight loss plan and overall health goals.

To determine your BMI, you can use the following formula: BMI = weight in kilograms / (height in meters) ².

For example, if you weigh 70 kilograms and your height is 1.65 meters, your BMI would be calculated as follows:

BMI = 70 / (1.65) ² = 25.71

You can easily go online and search BMI tables and plug in your numbers in pounds and inches and come up with your personal calculation.

The Significance of BMI for Weight Loss before Surgery

BMI is a significant factor in weight loss before surgery because it provides a measure of body fat and an indication of the risk of complications during and after surgery. Losing weight and lowering BMI before surgery can reduce these risks and improve surgical outcomes.

Additionally, BMI can help determine an appropriate weight loss goal and timeline before surgery. A healthcare provider can use BMI to determine how much weight a patient needs to lose. BMI can also help determine a safe and effective rate of weight loss, which is important for preventing complications and maintaining overall health.

Step-By-Step Guide on How to Lose Weight before Surgery

1.Consult With a Healthcare Provider

Consulting with a healthcare provider is an important step in any weight loss journey, especially before surgery. A healthcare provider can provide guidance on effective weight loss methods, taking into account individual needs, lifestyle, and health conditions.

During a consultation, a healthcare provider may perform a physical exam, review medical history and medications, and discuss weight loss goals and expectations. Based on this information, the healthcare provider can provide recommendations on a safe and achievable weight loss goal, timeline, and plan.

The healthcare provider may also recommend specific dietary changes, such as reducing calorie intake or avoiding certain foods or food groups. They may also recommend specific types of exercise or physical activity based on individual needs and health conditions.

2. Set Realistic and Achievable Goals

Setting goals is important, here are some reasons why:

• Motivation: Goals that are challenging but achievable can help you to stay motivated and focused on the weight loss journey. Achieving smaller goals along the way can help to build confidence and momentum, leading to greater success in the long term;
• Avoiding frustration: Unrealistic goals can lead to frustration and disappointment, which can make it difficult to stay motivated and committed to the weight loss journey. It’s important to set goals that are based on individual needs and circumstance;
• Safety: Losing weight too quickly or through extreme measures can be dangerous and increase the risk of complications;
• Long-term success: Sustainable weight loss is achieved through gradual and consistent changes in diet and exercise habits, rather than through extreme or restrictive measures.

3. Monitor calorie intake

Monitoring calorie intake is an important aspect of losing weight before surgery. When you consume more calories than you burn, the excess calories are stored as fat, leading to weight gain. To lose weight, you need to create a calorie deficit by consuming fewer calories than you burn.

Monitoring calorie intake involves tracking the number of calories consumed each day and comparing it to the recommended daily calorie intake. This can be done using a food journal or a calorie tracking app. These tools allow you to record the types and quantities of food consumed, as well as the number of calories in each food item.

To monitor calorie intake effectively, it’s important to:

• Determine recommended calorie intake: A healthcare provider can help determine an appropriate daily calorie intake;
• Track calorie intake accurately: Record all foods and beverages consumed, including portion sizes and ingredients. Use a food scale or measuring cups to ensure accuracy;
• Be aware of hidden calories: Many foods and beverages contain hidden calories, such as added sugar, oils, or sauces. Read food labels carefully and be mindful of calorie-dense foods and beverages;
• Adjust calorie intake as needed: Adjust calorie intake based on weight loss goals and progress.

4. Eat a Healthy Diet

Eating a healthy diet is an important part of losing weight before surgery. A healthy diet provides the body with the nutrients it needs while promoting weight loss through a calorie deficit. Below are some suggestions for having a healthy diet:

• Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Aim for at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day;

• Choose whole grains: Whole grains are a good source of fiber and other nutrients. Aim to make at least half of your grain choices whole grains;
• Focus on lean protein: Lean protein sources, such as chicken, turkey, fish, beans, and tofu, can help to build and repair muscle while keeping you feeling full;
• Limit processed foods: Processed foods are often high in calories, unhealthy fats, and added sugars. Choose whole, unprocessed foods instead;
• Drink plenty of water: Drinking plenty of water can help to keep you hydrated and promote weight loss. Aim for at least 8 cups of water per day;
• Practice portion control: Portion control is important for weight loss. Use smaller plates and measuring cups to ensure proper portion sizes.

Here are some examples of meals that follow a healthy diet:

• Breakfast: Oatmeal with fruit and nuts, Greek yogurt with berries, or a veggie omelet with whole wheat toast.
• Lunch: Grilled chicken salad with plenty of vegetables, a turkey and avocado wrap, or a vegetable soup with whole grain crackers.
• Dinner: Baked salmon with roasted vegetables, chicken stir-fry with brown rice, or a lentil soup with a side salad.
• Snacks: Fresh fruit, raw vegetables with hummus, or a small handful of nuts.

5. Exercise Regularly

Regular exercise is an important part of losing weight before surgery. Exercise can help to burn calories, build muscle, and improve overall health and well-being. Here are some tips for exercising regularly:

• Mix it up: Incorporate a variety of types of exercise, such as cardio, strength training, and flexibility exercises. This can help to prevent boredom and avoid injury;
• Find activities you enjoy: Choose activities that you enjoy and are sustainable in the long term. This can help to stay motivated and committed to the exercise routine;
• Set goals: Set goals for your exercise routine, such as increasing the duration or intensity of your workouts. This can help to stay motivated and measure progress over time;
• Be consistent: Consistency is key when it comes to exercise. Make exercise a habit by scheduling it into your daily routine and sticking to it as much as possible.

Here are some examples of exercises that can help to promote weight loss and improve overall health:

• Cardio: Examples of cardio exercises include brisk walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, or dancing.
• Strength training: Strength training exercises can help to build muscle and increase metabolism. Examples include weightlifting, resistance band exercises, and bodyweight exercises such as push-ups or squats.
• Flexibility exercises: Flexibility exercises such as yoga or stretching can help to improve range of motion and prevent injury.
• High-intensity interval training (HIIT): HIIT is a type of cardio exercise that involves short bursts of high-intensity exercise followed by periods of rest. It can be an effective way to burn calories and improve cardiovascular health.

6. Stay Hydrated

Staying hydrated is an important part of losing weight before surgery. Drinking plenty of water can help to keep you feeling full and promote weight loss by increasing metabolism. Here are some tips for staying hydrated:

• Drink plenty of water: Drinking water is the best way to stay hydrated. Aim for at least 8 cups of water per day, or more if you are exercising or in a hot environment;
• Avoid sugary drinks: Sugary drinks, such as soda or sweetened coffee drinks, can add unnecessary calories and contribute to weight gain. Choose water, unsweetened tea, or sparkling water instead;
• Limit alcohol: Alcohol can be dehydrating and adds extra calories. Limit alcohol consumption to promote weight loss and overall health;
• Eat hydrating foods: Many fruits and vegetables have high water content, which can also help to keep you hydrated. Examples include watermelon, cucumbers, oranges, and berries.

Here are some examples of how to stay hydrated throughout the day:

1. Drink a glass of water first thing in the morning and before meals.
2. Keep a water bottle with you throughout the day and sip on it regularly.
3. Add fruit or herbs to your water to make it more flavorful.
4. Drink water before, during, and after exercise to stay hydrated.
5. Eat plenty of hydrating foods, such as watermelon or cucumber, throughout the day.

FAQs about Losing Weight

What is the fastest way to lose weight before surgery?

A Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD) is a weight loss diet that typically involves consuming between 800 and 1200 calories per day. VLCDs are designed to promote rapid weight loss by creating a significant calorie deficit. These diets often involve replacing meals with low-calorie shakes, soups, or bars, and may also include some whole foods. VLCDs are typically recommended for individuals who are severely obese or have significant weight-related health problems, such as type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure. They are typically used for short periods of time, ranging from a few weeks to a few months, and are supervised by a healthcare provider. While VLCDs can be effective for rapid weight loss, they are also associated with some potential risks and drawbacks. Some of these risks include nutrient deficiencies, gallstones, and dehydration. VLCDs can also be difficult to follow over the long term, leading to weight regain once the diet is discontinued.

Is it necessary to lose weight before surgery?

In some cases, losing weight before surgery may be necessary to reduce the risk of complications during and after surgery. For individuals who are overweight or obese, losing weight may help to improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of complications such as infections, blood clots, and anesthesia-related complications.

Can losing weight before surgery help improve surgical outcomes?

Yes, losing weight before surgery can help improve surgical outcomes. Studies have shown that obesity is associated with an increased risk of surgical complications, such as wound infections, pneumonia, and blood clots. In addition, obese individuals may have difficulty with anesthesia, longer hospital stays, and slower recovery times after surgery.

How much weight should I aim to lose before surgery?

The amount of weight you should aim to lose before surgery depends on individual factors such as starting weight, age, and health status. In general, a weight loss goal of 5-10% of body weight is often recommended before surgery, as this has been shown to improve surgical outcomes. For example, if an individual weighs 200 pounds, a weight loss goal of 10-20 pounds may be recommended before surgery. However, it’s important to note that the specific amount of weight loss needed to see improvements in surgical outcomes may vary depending on individual factors.

Further Reading about Body Procedures

• Read Dr Joe’s Tummy Tuck Procedures Page
• Read Dr Joe’s Liposuction Page
• Read Dr Joe Risks of Smoking before or After Breast Surgery
• Read Dr Joe Tips for Drooping Breasts after Weight Loss

Medical References about Losing Weight

• How can I lose weight? – Medical News Today
• The Mayo Clinic Diet: A weight-loss program for life – Mayo Clinic
• Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance – NCBI